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简介
"只要我还活着,能看到这阳光,这无云的天空,我就不可能不幸福!"
《安妮日记》是犹太少女安妮·弗兰克在二战中遗留下来的一本个人日记，它真实地记述了她与家人以及另两个犹太家庭为逃避纳粹迫害而度过的长达两年的隐蔽生活。安妮从13岁生日(1942年6月12日)写起，一直写到1944年8月4日他们的隐居地被德国党卫军查抄前不久。这个不到16岁就被纳粹夺去了生命的孩子的日记在战后成为人们对那场人类梦魇进行深刻反思的珍贵教材。
中文名称：安妮日记
英文名称：The Diary of a Young Girl
德语名称：Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank
作者：安妮·弗兰克 Anne Frank, 莫珍·普莱斯勒 Mirjam Pressler, 奥图·弗兰克 Otto H. Frank
"A truly remarkable book"——The New Yourk Times
详细内容
一个十六岁的少女，最大的愿望是做一名记者和作家，却因为希特勒发动的一场邪恶的战争，于花季之龄死于纳粹集中营。这本日记是安妮遇难前两年藏身密室时的生活和情感的记载。作为一名成长中的少女，她在日记中吐露了与母亲不断发生冲突的困惑以及对性的好奇。
“二战后我想出版一本书，叫做《密室日记》……”
一九四二年七月，十三岁的安妮和家人为逃离纳粹恐怖统治，躲藏在荷兰阿姆斯特丹一间仓库里，从此展开两年多的密室生活。“我经常心情沮丧，可是从来不绝望。我将我们躲藏在这里的生活看成一场有趣的探险，充满危险与浪漫情事，并且将每个艰辛匮乏当成使我日记更丰富的材料。”一九四四年四月五日安妮在日记里写道：“我希望我死后，仍能继续活着。”
安妮的日记从一九四二年六月十二日写到一九四四年八月一日。起初，她这日记是纯为自己而写。后来，荷兰流亡政府的成员杰瑞特·波克斯坦从伦敦广播电台宣布说，他希望在战争结束之后，能蒐集有关荷兰人民在德军占领之下苦难生活的目击报导，公诸大众。他特别以信件与日记做为例子。安妮收听到这段话，为之动心，于是决定在战争结束之后，要依据她的日记出版一本书。她开始将她的日记加以改写、编辑、润饰，删去她认为不够有趣的部分，并且靠回忆增加一些内容。同时，安妮也保留了原始的日记。
安妮死于德国一个集中营，死因是那里爆发斑疹伤寒，于3月死亡。她的亲人中，只有父亲奥托·弗兰克活着走了出去。1945年6月他回到阿姆斯特丹，后移居瑞士。他在以后的日子里，一直在传扬女儿的日记，让全世界共享。他于1980年8月19日过世。
学术界编纂的《安妮日记：评注本》将安妮第一次写成、未经整编的日记称为A版，以别于第二次所写、经过整理的版本，是第二种版本，一般称为B版……奥图·法兰克斟酌许久，决定完成女儿的宿愿，将日记出版问世。他从A与B版中选材，编成篇幅较短的一种版本，后来称为C版，全世界读者历来读到的《安妮日记》就是这个版本。
奥图·法兰克的遗产由坐落在瑞士巴塞尔的安妮·弗兰克基金会继承，该会拥有安妮日记的版权。后来，基金会决定为日记推出一种增订的新版本，从安妮的A与B两个版本取材，对奥图·法兰克的内容加以补充，内容大约增加了百分之三十，希望让读者更了解安妮的内心世界。
自从安妮死后，她的日记已经被翻译成五十五种文字，销售二千四百万册，安妮的确以另一种方式完成她的梦想。这个最新披露的绝对版本对于已经认识安妮的人来说，提供一个重新发现安妮的机会；对于未识安妮的人而言，更是一个值得珍藏的版本。
精彩书摘
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一九四○年五月以后，好日子很少，而且相隔很久……我们的自由被一连串的反犹太命令严格限制：命令犹太人身上要佩一颗黄星；……犹太人禁止搭电车；……犹太人在下午三点到五点之间才能买东西；…… 这也不准，那也不准，可是日子还是过下来了。贾桂琳常常对我说：“我现在什么事都不敢做，怕做到不准做的事情。”
你一定想听听我对躲起来过日子的想法。这个嘛，我只能说我还不是很清楚。我想我在这幢房子里永远不会觉得宾至如归，不过这并不表示我讨厌它。我们很像在一幢奇怪的公寓里度假。
我不要像大多数人那样，过了一辈子，结果白活。我要有用，或者带给所有人喜悦，即使是我不认识的人。我希望在我死后，仍能继续活着！所以，我非常感谢上帝给了我这个天赋，我利用这天赋长进，并且表达我内心的一切。
在当前这样的时代，的确很难：理想、梦想和宝贵的希望也在我们心中浮现，但只有被残酷的现实压碎。我没有把我的理想全都抛弃，也是奇事，那些理想看起来那么荒谬，那么不切实际。可是我仍然紧抱着它们，因为世界虽然这样，我还是相信人在内心里其实是善良的。
电视剧简介
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如果说战争永远是一个黑色的主题，二战无疑是其中最沉重的一笔。在针对犹太人那场惨绝人寰的屠杀中，数以万计的犹太人被成批杀害的唯一的理由，就因为他们是犹太人！在犹太人巨大的抗争诉求中，美若仙童的安妮·弗兰克就是这其中的一脉细微而柔韧的声音。战前的安妮拥有田园般的梦幻童年，豆蔻青春的她宛若一朵盛开的花蕾，然而盛开的花蕾在纳粹的牢狱里倍受催萎。取材于安妮·弗兰克的本片，用一个青春少女的日记记录犹太人在集中营里横遭虐待，最终被送进冒着浓浓黑烟的焚尸炉的地狱生活和悲惨命运。
荷兰KRO电视台访谈：
反映二战期间犹太人真实经历的《安妮日记》早已享誉世界。这部日记的作者、德国犹太姑娘安妮·弗兰克去世快62周年了，她生前曾渴望成为一名荷兰公民。
为实现她的遗愿，荷兰KRO电视台日前把她列入200名荷兰伟人候选者名单，以此方式要求荷兰政府追授她荷兰国籍。但荷兰司法部４日明确表示，虽然司法部同情请愿者们的苦心，但荷兰法律不允许死后追授国籍。
安妮是德国犹太人，为逃避纳粹大屠杀，安妮一家到荷兰避难。后来，中立的荷兰也被德军占领。从1942年7月到1944年8月，安妮等人一直躲藏在阿姆斯特丹一所房子的秘室里。安妮以她14岁少女的目光记述了这段苦难煎熬的岁月。
后来盖世太保得到密报，将他们抓进集中营。安妮因伤寒在集中营里病逝，当时距德军投降仅一个星期。1947年，死里逃生的安妮父亲将女儿遗留的日记付梓出版。这本日记已转译成54种文字，共印刷3000万册。她避难的房子已被辟为安妮故居博物馆，吸引着世界各地的游客前来缅怀那不堪回首的人类悲剧。
KRO电视台女发言人莫尼克说，“我们知道她不是荷兰人，但提名委员会认为她为荷兰作出了贡献。而且，很多人都赞成安妮当选荷兰伟人。”
安妮故居博物馆女发言人帕特里夏说，不论安妮是不是荷兰人，都丝毫无损于她是荷兰一部分的事实。因为“她的遗产属于荷兰，她的日记用荷兰语写成”。
KRO电视台将于下周公布10大荷兰伟人评选结果。除安妮外，其他著名候选人还包括画家伦勃朗、梵高，足球明星克鲁伊夫、古利特以及“喜力”啤酒公司创始人弗雷迪·海内肯等。
相关文章
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安妮故居发人深省 人民网驻比利时记者 章念生
荷兰阿姆斯特丹。淅淅沥沥的春雨中，一支由不同肤色、不同年龄人群组成的队伍沿着街角向后蜿蜒。五颜六色的伞下，稚气未脱的孩子依偎着父母，精神矍铄的白发老人静静伫立，充满活力的小伙子姑娘们则乾脆在雨中挺立。他们在等着参观《安妮日记》中的主人公安妮·弗兰克躲藏了两年零两个月的阁楼。
《安妮日记》是荷兰籍犹太少女安妮·弗兰克在二战中遗留下来的一部个人日记，它真实地记述了她与家人以及另两个犹太家庭为逃避纳粹迫害而度过的长达两年的隐蔽生活。安妮从13岁生日写起，一直写到1944年8月4日他们的隐居地被德国党卫军查抄后不久。这个不到16岁就被纳粹夺去了生命的孩子的日记在战后成为人们对那场人类梦魇进行深刻反思的珍贵教材。今天，由65种语言出版的《安妮日记》已售出3000万册。安妮故居也成为各国游客访问阿姆斯特丹时必去的地方之一。2004年，共有93.6万人参观了安妮小屋，平均每天2564人。今年前3个月，参观人数比去年同期又增加了1万人。
5月2 日，记者随着人群进入安妮小屋，走进那扇书架后的暗门，爬上那狭窄楼梯，来到安妮与3位家人及另外4位犹太人当年蛰居的密室。幽暗的屋子里没有家具，没有日用品。在一片静穆的气氛中，每位参观者都在仔细地端详一幅幅相片，观看一段段电视录像，阅读墙上的安妮日记的一个个片断。记者发现每一个参观者都神情庄重，可以看出他们的内心已被深深打动。
安妮的父亲奥托当年曾说过，“我们的目的是要教育人们，让悲剧不再重演。”“没错，我们的确是在实现奥托的夙愿。设立博物馆的长期目标也正是教育”，安妮·弗兰克故居管理委员会总经理汉斯·威斯特拉先生一语道出了安妮故居的努力目标。他说，40多年前，欧洲到处都是战争遗迹和幸存者，幸存者们还可以用亲身的经历向孩子们讲述战争的故事。但现在年轻一代的父母都没有经历过战争，关于战争的记忆正在渐渐淡去，因此关于二战的教育已经迫在眉睫。
如何获得最佳的教育效果，是威斯特拉和他的120名同事们不断研究的课题。“我们时常接到从世界各地打来的电话，要求举办安妮·弗兰克展览。有一点我们会始终坚持，那就是布展理念一定要由安妮故居的人主导。”威斯特拉说，除了阿姆斯特丹，全世界每年还有150多个城市举办为期约4周的安妮·弗兰克展，以便让更多的人们了解安妮与纳粹屠杀犹太人的故事。每一次展出，都会有大量的小学生前往参观。他们在来之前，已看过了半小时的短片。回校之后，老师还要请他们结合生活实际谈自己的感受。这种行之有效的做法，正是安妮故居工作人员培训的结果。他们还结合实际，想出了各种各样的教育方法。例如在有些国家利用文学作品，在另外一些国家则通过精致的卡通画来讲述安妮以及二战的故事。又如先培训十七八岁的年轻人，请他们给小学生作展览向导，这叫做“让孩子帮助孩子”。
安妮故居还善于利用现代科技。例如，他们充分利用网络，让孩子们管理网页，在网上制作节目与游戏，让安妮以及二战的故事更加适合孩子的口味。目前，安妮故居的网页上已有荷、英、德、法、西、意6种语言。5月9日，安妮故居还将在网上开通“安妮导游”栏目，介绍欧洲各国的二战历史。5月2日，安妮故居监事会主席、荷兰前首相科克向德国、法国、西班牙、葡萄牙、意大利和捷克6个国家的元首发去了亲笔信，希望他们予以支持。
参观完毕，记者在安妮博物馆的留言簿上读到了这样几句话：“难以想象这种事情真的会发生。我希望不会再有人过这种生活。”“这是一段非常打动人心的经历，应该永远铭记，永远延伸。”记者留心数了一下，在博物馆开馆4小时内，共有55条用各种文字书写的留言。就在记者翻看留言簿的几十秒钟内，后面又有好几个年轻人悄无声息地加入了参观的队伍。
Anne Frank,
1929—45, German diarist, b. Frankfurt as Anneliese Marie Frank. In order to escape Nazi persecution, her family emigrated (1933) to Amsterdam, where her father Otto became a business owner. After the Nazis occupied the Netherlands, her family (along with several other Jews) hid for just over two years (1942—44) in a "secret annex" that was part of her father's office and warehouse building. During those years, Anne kept a diary characterized by poignancy, insight, humor, touching naiveté, and sometimes tart observation. The family was betrayed to the Germans in 1944, and at 15 Anne died of typhus in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
Anne's diary was discovered by one of the family's helpers and after the war was given to her father, the only immediate family member to survive the Holocaust. Edited by him, The Diary of a Young Girl (1947) became an international bestseller and has been translated into English (1952) and 66 other languages. It was also adapted into a play (1955) and a film (1959). A critical edition was published in 1986, and a complete edition, containing almost a third more material, appeared in 1995 on the 50th anniversary of her death. Anne Frank also wrote stories, fables, and essays, which were published in 1959. The Franks' Amsterdam hiding place is now a museum, there is a foundation established by her father, and institutions devoted to her exist in New York, Berlin, London, and other cities.
See biographies by M. Müller (tr. 1998) and C. A. Lee (1999); M. Gies, Anne Frank Remembered (1988); R. Van Der Rol and R. Verhoeven, Anne Frank, Beyond the Diary: A Photographic Remembrance (1995); C. A. Lee, The Hidden Life of Otto Frank (2003); W. Lindwer, The Last Seven Months of Anne Frank (documentary film, 1988 and book, 1992); J. Blair, dir., Anne Frank Remembered (documentary film, 1995).
相关网址：http://vip.6to23.com/elisabeth/people-2.htm
THE DIARY OF A YOUNG GIRL : THE DEFINITIVE EDITION
Anne Frank
Edited by Otto H. Frank and Mirjam Pressler
Translated by Susan Massotty
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BOOK FLAP
Anne Frank's The Diary of a Young Girl is among the most enduring documents of the twentieth century. Since its publication in 1947, it has been read by tens of millions of people all over the world. It remains a beloved and deeply admired testament to the indestructable nature of the human spirit.
Restore in this Definitive Edition are diary entries that had been omitted from the original edition. These passages, which constitute 30 percent more material, reinforce the fact that Anne was first and foremost a teenage girl, not a remote and flawless symbol. She fretted about, and tried to copie with, her own emerging sexuality. Like many young girls, she often found herself in disagreement with her mother. And like any teenager, she veered between the carefree nature of a child and the full-fledged sorrow of an adult. Anne emerges more human, more vulnerable, and more vital than ever.
Anne Frank and her family, fleeing the horrors of Nazi occupation, hid in the back of an Amsterdam warehouse for two years. She was thirteen when the family went into the Secret Annex, and in these pages she grows to be a young woman and a wise observer of human nature as well. With unusual insight, she reveals the relations between eight people living under extraordinary conditions, facing hunger, the ever-present threat of discovery and death, complete estrangement from the outside world, and above all, the boredom, the petty misunderstandings, and the frustrations of living under such unbearable strain, in such confined quarters.
A timely story rediscovered by each new generation, The Diary of a Young Girl stands without peer. For both young readers and adults it continues to bring to life this young woman, who for a time survived the worst horror of the modern world had seen -- and who remained triumphantly and heartbreakingly human throughout her ordeal. For those who know and love Anne Frank, The Definitive Edition is a chance to discover her anew. For readers who have not yet encountered her, this is the edition to cherish.
ANNE FRANK was born on June 12, 1929. She died while imprisoned at Bergen-Belsen, three months short of her sixteenth birthday. OTTO H. FRANK was the only member of his immediate framily to survive the Holocaust. He died in 1980. MIRJAM PRESSLER is a popular writer of books for young adults. She lives in Germany.
Translated by Susan Massotty.
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FOREWORD
Anne Frank kept a diary from June 12, 1942, to August 1, 1944. Initially, she wrote it strictly for herself. Then, one day in 1944, Gerrit Bolkestein, a member of the Dutch government in exile, announced in a radio broadcast from London that after the war he hoped to collect eyewitness accounts of the suffering of the Dutch people under the German occupation, which could be made available to the public. As an example, he specifically mentioned letters and diaries.
Impressed by this speech, Anne Frank decided that when the war was over she would publish a book based on her diary. She began rewriting and editing her diary, improving on the text, omitting passages she didn't think were interesting enough and adding others from memory. At the same time, she kept up her original diary. In the scholarly work The Diary of Anne Frank: The Critical Edition (1989), Anne's first, unedited diary is referred to as version a, to distinguish it from her second, edited diary, which is known as version b.
The last entry in Anne's diary is dated August 1, 1944. On August 4, 1944, the eight people hiding in the Secret Annex were arrested. Miep Gies and Bep Voskuijl, the two secretaries working in the building, found Anne's diaries strewn allover the floor. ,Miep Gies tucked them away in a desk drawer for safekeeping. After the war, when it became clear that Anne was dead, she gave the diaries, unread, to Anne's father, Otto Frank.
After long deliberation, Otto Frank decided to fulfill his daughter's wish and publish her diary. He selected material from versions a and b, editing them into a shorter version later referred to as version c. Readers all over the world know this as The Diary of a fauna Girl.
In making his choice, Otto Frank had to bear several points in mind. To begin with, the book had to be kept short so that it would fit in with a series put out by the Dutch publisher. In addition, several passages dealing with Anne's sexuality were omitted; at the time of the diary's initial publication, in 1947, it was not customary to write openly about sex, and certainly not in books for young adults. Out of respect for the dead, Otto Frank also omitted a number of unflattering passages about his wife and the other residents of the Secret Annex. Anne Frank, who was thirteen when she began her diary and fifteen when she was forced to stop, wrote without reserve about her likes and dislikes.
When Otto Frank died in 1980, he willed his daughter's manuscripts to the Netherlands State Institute for War Documentation in Amsterdam. Because the authenticity of the diary had been challenged ever since its publication, the Institute for War Documentation ordered a thorough investigation. Once the diary was proved, beyond a shadow of a doubt, to be genuine, it was published in its entirety, along with the results of an exhaustive study. The Critical Edition contains not only versions a, band c, but also articles on the background of the Frank family, the circumstances surrounding their arrest and deportation, and the examination into Anne's handwriting, the document and the materials used.
The Anne Frank-Fonds (Anne Frank Foundation) in Basel (Switzerland),. which as Otto Frank's sole heir had also inherited his daughter's copyrights, then decided to have anew, expanded edition of the diary published for general readers. This new edition in no way affects the integrity of the old one originally edited by Otto Frank, which brought the diary and its message to millions of people. The task of compthng the expanded edition was given to the writer and translator Mirjam Pressler. Otto Frank's original selection has now been supplemented with passages from Anne's a and b versions. Mirjam Pressler's definitive edition, approved by the Anne Frank-Fonds, contains approximately 30 percent more material and is intended to give the reader more insight into the world of Anne Frank.
In writing her second version (b), Anne invented pseudonyms for the people who would appear in her book. She initially wanted to call herself Anne Aulis, and later Anne Robin. Otto Frank opted to call his family by their own names and to follow Anne's wishes with regard to the others. Over the years, the identity of the people who helped the family in the Secret Annex has become common knowledge. In this edition, the helpers are now referred to by their real names, as they so justly deserve to be. All other persons are named in accordance with the pseudonyms in The Critical Edition. The Institute for War Documentation has arbitrarily assigned initials to those persons wishing to remain anonymous.
The real names of the other people hiding in the Secret Annex are:
THE VAN PELS FAMILY
(from Osnabriick, Germany):
Auguste van Pels (born September 9, 1890)
Hermann van Pels (born March 31, 1889)
Peter van Pels (born November 8, 1926)
Called by Anne, in her manuscript: Petronella, Hans and Alfred van Daan; and in the book: Petronella, Hermann and Peter van Daan.
FRITZ PFEFFER
(born April 30, 1889, in Giessen, Germany):
Called by Anne, in her manuscript and in the book: Alfred Dussel.
The reader may wish to bear in mind that much of this edition is based on the b version of Anne's diary, which she wrote when she was around fifteen years old. Occasionally, Anne went back and commented on a passage she had written earlier. These comments are clearly marked in this edition. Naturally, Anne's spelling and linguistic errors have been corrected. Otherwise, the text has basically been left as she wrote it, since any attempts at editing and clarification would be inappropriate in a historical document.
-- : --
I hope I will be able to confide everything to you, as I have never been able to confide in anyone, and I hope you will be a great source of comfort and support.
-- : --
（德）安妮·弗兰克 安妮对战争的思考 “我不相信战争只是政客和资本家搞出来的，芸芸众生的罪过和他们一样大。” 补充资料： 德国和日本法西斯当政的时候，这些国家的工人和农民是支持政府的。１９３３年，德国１５０万纳粹党人中，工人和农民党员共５０多万，占到三分之一以上。在有组织的疯狂屠杀犹太人的行动中，很多是来自德国社会底层的普通工人、农民和商人。
如果仅仅把战争罪恶归咎于统治阶级，就无法实现民族的反省，人民没有反思，也就不可能有效地制止战争的再次发生。 德国著名作家艾米尔·路德维希在他的《德国人：一个双重历史的国家》中谈及二战时说：“但是所有这些陈述，都没有涉及德国人民应当负什么罪责。” 但是在国内深入一步追究这场世界大战的罪责，就会直接指向德国人民。德国人民多年来以默许的态度对待这场罪恶，现在要想说成是无所事事的旁观者，或无辜者，这是徒劳的。” 同样，在日本侵华期间的所有的烧杀奸掠，也都是普通日本人干的，日本人对那场战争不仅默许，而且积极地拥护并参与了侵略和屠杀。日本人民不是无辜的，他们也是施害者，对这场战争，他们也是有责任的。日本人民只看到自己民族经历了战争苦难，而没有深刻认识他们给中国和亚洲人民制造的苦难。习惯说法一般是把战争说成“政客和资本家”的利益之争。我们也习惯上把战争作为一小撮政客资本家出于私欲而造成的罪恶，而忽视了人民应当负的责任。这在安妮那样具体的受害者看来，是难以接受的。把人直接赶进毒气室或是对手无寸铁的妇女儿童开枪，在一个城市制造几十万人的大屠杀，等等，都不是政客或是资本家亲手所为，而是各个国家普通的劳动者，以及来自民众的普通士兵做出的。 安妮作为纳粹排犹的受害者，她的思考是深刻的。 面对这样的现实，安妮的态度是怎样的？
“世界虽然这样，我还是相信人在内心里其实是善良的。如果安妮以自己的遭遇就此提出人的内心世界是邪恶的，那也不符合作者的思想逻辑。安妮有自己的信仰，有自己的希望，她相信战争的罪恶必将终止，人民也将觉醒，从她的一家在逃亡前后所获得的帮助，从反法西斯战争的进程，她认为正义能够战胜邪恶，善良能够战胜野蛮，这是很正常的。 安妮身处特殊环境，有着常人无法达到的思考深度。她对战争的观察和描述，她对自由的渴望向往，她的苦闷和烦恼，都有点和十五岁左右的年龄不相称，她为什么会有这样的心理，为什么会有和年龄不相称的成熟？ 1929年安妮生于法兰克福，在她4岁的时候，她就生活在排犹的阴影下。那一年，希特勒上台，在德国掀起迫害犹太人的浪潮。安妮的父亲奥托 弗兰克被迫带领全家迁居荷兰。德国的排犹是全民性的，虽然有许多德国人不同意驱逐犹太人，但是在全民一致的行动浪潮中，这种声音很微弱。安妮十三四岁，本当生活在阳光和歌唱中，但是为了躲避迫害和杀戮，她躲进了密室，失去了自由，能否活着走出密室，能否像普通姑娘一样获得幸福和爱情，安妮比一般女孩要考虑得更加迫切。她的性格，和她所处的环境有密切的关系。所以她对战争的观察和思考要比同龄人更加深沉。 《安妮日记》的价值是什么？ 日记的内容：真实反映当时的恐惧和安妮受到的双重的压迫。 对战争根源的思考。 安妮面对反人道的战争的乐观态度，始终保持美好的人性。 日记的价值：是历史的另一种证明；用个人的真实情感与思想代替战争的宏大叙事。 写作练习 如果安妮有安息之地，你将怎样为她写墓志铭？ 头? |
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